Common Garter Snake
Thamnophis sirtalis
One of the most widespread and familiar snakes in North America, known for its longitudinal stripes and highly variable coloration.
- Venomous?
- Non-venomous
- Adult length
- 0.5-1.3 m (1.6-4.3 ft)
- Range
- Widespread across North America, from Canada to Central America
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Overview
The Common Garter Snake is among the most widely distributed and frequently encountered snakes in North America, occurring from southern Canada to Central America. Its adaptability to a wide range of climates and habitats, along with tolerance for cooler temperatures, contributes to its broad success.
Dozens of subspecies and color forms exist across its range, from the boldly striped eastern populations to the striking red-sided garter snakes of the northern prairies.
How to identify it
- Slender body with three light longitudinal stripes (dorsal and two lateral) on a darker background
- Background color highly variable: black, brown, olive, or gray, sometimes with red or orange blotches between stripes
- Keeled (ridged) dorsal scales giving a rough texture
- Round pupils
- Distinguished from ribbon snakes by a stockier build and shorter tail relative to body
Habitat & range
Extremely adaptable, found in meadows, woodlands, marshes, farmland, and suburban gardens near water or moist cover, across a vast range from Canada to Central America.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Diurnal and active, foraging on land and in water for amphibians, fish, earthworms, and small invertebrates. Tolerates cool temperatures better than most snakes. Bears live young rather than laying eggs, sometimes in large litters.
Frequently asked questions
Is the Common Garter Snake venomous?
No, it is non-venomous and harmless to humans.
Why are garter snakes so widespread?
Their tolerance of cool climates and varied diet let them thrive across a huge range of habitats.
Do garter snakes lay eggs?
No, they give birth to live young rather than laying eggs.
Common Garter Snake guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Common Garter Snake.
