Florida Cottonmouth
Agkistrodon conanti
A large, semi-aquatic pit viper of Florida wetlands, often confused with harmless water snakes.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 0.9-1.2 m (3-4 ft)
- Range
- Florida and extreme southern Georgia
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Overview
The Florida Cottonmouth is a heavy-bodied semi-aquatic viper restricted to Florida and the southernmost fringe of Georgia. It was formerly classified as a subspecies of the wide-ranging Cottonmouth but is now recognized as its own species based on genetic and morphological differences.
Adults are often uniformly dark brown to black, sometimes obscuring the crossband pattern visible in juveniles, and they display the characteristic white mouth lining when threatened.
How to identify it
- Heavy body, often dark brown, olive, or nearly black in adults
- Juveniles show more distinct reddish-brown crossbands that fade with age
- Broad, blocky head distinct from the neck, with vertical pupils
- White interior of the mouth displayed in defensive gaping
- Distinguished from nonvenomous water snakes by thicker body, blocky head, and swimming with head held above water
Habitat & range
Found throughout Florida's swamps, marshes, lake margins, and slow-moving streams, as well as brackish coastal habitats. Also occupies drier upland areas and can travel considerable distances from water.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Active day and night depending on season, more nocturnal in hot weather. Feeds on fish, frogs, small mammals, birds, and carrion. Known for a defensive posture involving gaping the mouth to expose its white lining and vibrating the tail. Live-bearing.
Frequently asked questions
Is the Florida Cottonmouth aggressive?
It is often described as defensive rather than aggressive, preferring to display its white mouth lining or flee rather than strike.
How can I tell it apart from water snakes?
It has a thicker body, a distinct blocky head, and typically swims with much of its body riding on the water's surface.
Where is it found?
Throughout Florida and into extreme southern Georgia, in swamps, marshes, and other wetlands.
Is its venom dangerous?
Yes, it is a venomous pit viper capable of a medically significant bite.
Florida Cottonmouth guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Florida Cottonmouth.
