Namaqua Dwarf Adder
Bitis schneideri
Regarded as the world's smallest viper species, this diminutive adder inhabits coastal dunes of southern Africa.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 20-25 cm (8-10 in)
- Range
- Namaqualand region of South Africa and southern Namibia
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Overview
The Namaqua Dwarf Adder is often cited as the smallest viper on Earth, rarely exceeding a quarter of a metre in length. It shares the sandy coastal habitat of southern Africa with its relative Peringuey's Adder.
Despite its tiny size, it is a fully functional pit-less viper with potent venom adapted for small prey.
How to identify it
- Extremely small body size, among the smallest of all vipers
- Sandy grey-brown coloration with faint blotches for camouflage
- Slightly upturned snout; eyes not as elevated as Peringuey's Adder
- Keeled, rough scales
- Best distinguished from Peringuey's Adder by less dorsally-placed eyes and range overlap details
Habitat & range
Coastal dunes and sandy flats of Namaqualand in South Africa and southern Namibia. Prefers loose, wind-blown sand near the coast.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Nocturnal, burying itself in sand by day. Feeds primarily on small lizards. Ambush predator relying on camouflage. Viviparous, producing very small litters of live young given its diminutive size.
Frequently asked questions
Is this really the smallest viper?
It is widely considered the smallest viper species in the world by average adult length.
Is it dangerous to humans?
It is venomous, but its small size and remote habitat make encounters rare.
Where is it found?
Along the coastal dunes of Namaqualand in South Africa and southern Namibia.
What does it eat?
Mainly small lizards, especially geckos found on dune sand.
Namaqua Dwarf Adder guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Namaqua Dwarf Adder.
