Usambara Bush Viper
Atheris ceratophora
A small, horn-scaled arboreal viper endemic to the Eastern Arc mountain forests of Tanzania, known for distinctive raised scales above the eyes.
- Adult length
- 0.3-0.5 m (12-20 in)
- Range
- Usambara and Nguru Mountains of northeastern Tanzania
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Overview
The Usambara Bush Viper is a small, striking species endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania, particularly the Usambara and Nguru ranges. It is best known for the enlarged, horn-like supraocular scales projecting above each eye, giving it a distinctive 'horned' appearance.
This species is confined to a narrow band of montane forest habitat, making it a conservation priority within its limited range.
How to identify it
- Base color ranges from yellow-green to olive, brown, or black, often mottled
- Distinctive raised, horn-like scales above each eye
- Keeled, rough body scales
- Small, compact body size relative to other bush vipers
- Vertical pupils
- Distinguished from all other bush vipers by its unique hornlike supraocular scales
Habitat & range
Restricted to montane rainforest in the Usambara and Nguru Mountains of the Eastern Arc range in northeastern Tanzania, typically at moderate to high elevation in humid forest.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Nocturnal and arboreal, spending days coiled in low vegetation. Feeds on frogs, small lizards, and invertebrates. Live-bearing reproduction, producing small litters.
Frequently asked questions
What is distinctive about the Usambara Bush Viper?
It has unusual horn-like scales projecting above each eye, unlike other bush vipers.
Where does it live?
It is endemic to the Usambara and Nguru Mountains of northeastern Tanzania.
Is this a rare species?
Yes, its range is highly restricted to a small area of montane forest.
Usambara Bush Viper guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Usambara Bush Viper.
