Usambara Bush Viper
Atheris ceratophora
A small, horn-scaled arboreal viper endemic to the Eastern Arc mountain forests of Tanzania, known for distinctive raised scales above the eyes.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 0.3-0.5 m (12-20 in)
- Range
- Usambara and Nguru Mountains of northeastern Tanzania
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Overview
The Usambara Bush Viper is a small, striking species endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania, particularly the Usambara and Nguru ranges. It is best known for the enlarged, horn-like supraocular scales projecting above each eye, giving it a distinctive 'horned' appearance.
This species is confined to a narrow band of montane forest habitat, making it a conservation priority within its limited range.
How to identify it
- Base color ranges from yellow-green to olive, brown, or black, often mottled
- Distinctive raised, horn-like scales above each eye
- Keeled, rough body scales
- Small, compact body size relative to other bush vipers
- Vertical pupils
- Distinguished from all other bush vipers by its unique hornlike supraocular scales
Habitat & range
Restricted to montane rainforest in the Usambara and Nguru Mountains of the Eastern Arc range in northeastern Tanzania, typically at moderate to high elevation in humid forest.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Nocturnal and arboreal, spending days coiled in low vegetation. Feeds on frogs, small lizards, and invertebrates. Live-bearing reproduction, producing small litters.
Frequently asked questions
What is distinctive about the Usambara Bush Viper?
It has unusual horn-like scales projecting above each eye, unlike other bush vipers.
Where does it live?
It is endemic to the Usambara and Nguru Mountains of northeastern Tanzania.
Is it venomous?
Yes, it is a venomous species.
Is this a rare species?
Yes, its range is highly restricted to a small area of montane forest.
Usambara Bush Viper guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Usambara Bush Viper.
