Northern Brown Snake
Pseudonaja nuchalis
A fast, alert elapid closely related to the western brown snake, common across arid and tropical northern Australia.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 1.2-1.8 m (4-6 ft)
- Range
- Northern and central Australia including Western Australia, Northern Territory and Queensland
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Overview
The Northern Brown Snake, often treated as a form of the western brown snake complex, is a slender, fast-moving elapid widespread across the drier and tropical northern parts of Australia. It is one of the most frequently encountered venomous snakes in its range.
It is highly variable in color, ranging from pale grey to reddish brown, and is known for its speed and defensive display when threatened.
How to identify it
- Slender build with a small, narrow head barely distinct from the neck
- Coloration ranges from pale tan to reddish-brown or grey, sometimes banded, especially in juveniles
- Smooth, glossy scales
- Round pupil
- Juveniles often show dark bands or a dark head cap that fades with age
- Separated from other brown snakes by range and subtle scale counts, best confirmed by a specialist
Habitat & range
Found in arid woodlands, spinifex grasslands, floodplains, and open savanna across northern and central Australia. Shelters under rocks, logs, and in soil cracks or abandoned burrows.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Active by day, especially in cooler months, and can become more crepuscular during hot weather. Extremely alert and fast-moving, often raising its forebody in an S-shape when threatened. Feeds on small mammals, lizards, and other reptiles. Lays eggs in a clutch.
Frequently asked questions
Is the Northern Brown Snake dangerous?
Yes, it is a venomous elapid capable of delivering a medically significant bite.
How fast can it move?
It is one of the fastest-moving Australian snakes, able to flee or strike quickly when disturbed.
Where does it live?
Across arid and tropical parts of northern and central Australia, in woodlands and grasslands.
What does it eat?
Small mammals, lizards, and occasionally other snakes.
Northern Brown Snake guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Northern Brown Snake.
