Jararaca
Bothrops jararaca
A widespread South American pit viper important both medically and pharmacologically, as its venom led to the development of ACE inhibitor drugs.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 1.0-1.6 m (3.3-5.2 ft)
- Range
- Southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, and northern Argentina
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Overview
The Jararaca is a common pit viper of southeastern Brazil and adjacent countries, historically significant in medicine because compounds isolated from its venom contributed to the development of ACE inhibitor blood pressure medications.
It has a slender to moderately built body patterned with dark, alternating triangular blotches over a tan or brownish background, blending well with leaf litter in the Atlantic Forest and agricultural landscapes it frequently inhabits.
How to identify it
- Tan, brown, or grayish body with dark, triangular or subtriangular blotches along the sides
- Slender to moderately stout body compared to other lanceheads
- Broad, lance-shaped head distinct from the neck
- Vertical pupils and heat-sensing pits
- Pattern may fade in older or darker individuals
Habitat & range
Inhabits Atlantic Forest remnants, agricultural fields, forest edges, and areas near human settlements in southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, and northern Argentina. Highly adaptable to disturbed habitats.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Mostly nocturnal, hunting rodents, birds, and amphibians. Common in farmland where rodent prey is abundant, leading to frequent human encounters. Live-bearing, with moderate to large litters.
Frequently asked questions
Why is the Jararaca scientifically notable?
Compounds derived from its venom contributed to the development of ACE inhibitor medications used to treat high blood pressure.
Is it venomous?
Yes, it is a venomous pit viper responsible for many snakebite cases in its range.
Where does it live?
Southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, and northern Argentina, often in agricultural and forested landscapes.
What does it eat?
Rodents, birds, and amphibians.
Jararaca guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Jararaca.
