Snake Identifier
Night Snake (Hypsiglena chlorophaea)
Hypsiglena chlorophaea by iNaturalist user: nmoorhatch, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY 4.0
Colubrids

Night Snake

Hypsiglena chlorophaea

A small, secretive, cat-eyed colubrid of arid western North America.

Adult length
30-46 cm (12-18 in)
Range
Western United States and northern Mexico

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Overview

The Night Snake is a small, slender colubrid found throughout much of the western United States and adjacent Mexico. Despite its snake-like resemblance to a young rattlesnake, it is unrelated and lacks a rattle.

How to identify it

  • Pale gray, tan, or light brown ground color with dark brown or gray blotches down the back
  • Vertically elliptical (cat-like) pupils, unusual among North American colubrids
  • Smooth scales and a slightly flattened head
  • A pair of dark blotches on the neck often resembling a collar
  • Small size, rarely exceeding 46 cm (18 in)

It can be distinguished from young rattlesnakes by its lack of a rattle and narrower head, requiring attention to overall body shape and blotch pattern.

Habitat & range

Night Snakes occupy a wide range of arid and semi-arid habitats, including rocky hillsides, desert scrub, grasslands, and open woodland, from near sea level up to about 2,700 m (9,000 ft) in some areas. They are found from the western United States south into Mexico, sheltering by day under rocks, logs, and surface debris.

Behavior, diet & reproduction

This species is nocturnal, becoming active after dusk to hunt. It feeds primarily on lizards and their eggs, as well as small amphibians and occasionally invertebrates. They are egg-laying, with females depositing small clutches of a few eggs in summer.

Frequently asked questions

How big does the Night Snake get?

Adults typically reach 30-46 cm (12-18 in) in length.

Where is the Night Snake found?

It occurs across the western United States and into northern Mexico in arid and semi-arid habitats.

What does a Night Snake eat?

It preys mainly on lizards and their eggs, along with small amphibians and invertebrates.