Caspian Cobra
Naja oxiana
A highly venomous cobra of Central and Southwest Asia's arid regions, adapted to some of the northernmost cobra ranges in the world.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 1-1.5 m (3.3-5 ft)
- Range
- Central and Southwest Asia
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Overview
The Caspian Cobra, also called the Central Asian Cobra, occupies one of the most northerly ranges of any cobra species, extending into the arid and semi-arid regions of Central and Southwest Asia. It is well adapted to cooler, drier climates than most other cobras.
Its venom is highly potent and predominantly neurotoxic, making it medically significant and one of the more dangerous snakes within its range.
How to identify it
- Medium-sized snake, typically 1-1.5 m (3.3-5 ft)
- Uniform yellowish-brown, olive, or grayish coloration, usually without a hood pattern
- Moderately broad hood when displayed
- Round pupils and smooth scales
- Robust build relative to length
Its plain, unpatterned coloration and more northerly, arid range distinguish it from other Asian cobra species that often show hood markings.
Habitat & range
This species inhabits semi-desert, rocky foothills, and scrubland, often near water sources or oases. Its range extends across parts of Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Central Asian countries such as Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
The Caspian Cobra is primarily active during cooler parts of the day and at dusk, especially in warmer months. It preys on rodents, birds, lizards, and amphibians. When threatened, it rears up and spreads a hood while hissing loudly. It is egg-laying, with females producing clutches of around 8-16 eggs.
Frequently asked questions
Is the Caspian Cobra venomous?
Yes, it is highly venomous with a potent neurotoxic bite considered medically significant.
How big does the Caspian Cobra get?
Adults typically reach 1-1.5 m (3.3-5 ft) in length.
Where is the Caspian Cobra found?
It occurs across Central and Southwest Asia, including Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of Central Asia.
Is the Caspian Cobra adapted to cold climates?
It occupies one of the more northerly ranges of any cobra species, tolerating cooler, arid conditions.
Caspian Cobra guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Caspian Cobra.
