Horseshoe Pit Viper
Trimeresurus strigatus
A pit viper of the Western Ghats named for horseshoe-shaped markings on its head.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 0.5-0.8 m (1.6-2.6 ft)
- Range
- Western Ghats of southern India
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Overview
The horseshoe pit viper is endemic to the Western Ghats mountain range of southern India, a global biodiversity hotspot. Its common name refers to a distinctive horseshoe-shaped mark on top of the head.
As with many Western Ghats endemics, its range is tied closely to the region's forested hill habitats.
How to identify it
- Brown, reddish-brown, or grayish body with darker crossbands or blotches
- Distinctive horseshoe-shaped marking on the head
- Triangular head distinct from the neck
- Vertically elliptical pupils
- Keeled scales
- Distinguished from other Western Ghats pit vipers primarily by the head marking
Habitat & range
Inhabits moist forests and hill terrain of the Western Ghats, often found on the forest floor among leaf litter and rocky ground.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Nocturnal and largely terrestrial, though capable of climbing low vegetation. Feeds on frogs, lizards, and small rodents. Gives live birth to litters of young.
Frequently asked questions
Where is the horseshoe pit viper found?
It is endemic to the Western Ghats of southern India.
Why is it called the horseshoe pit viper?
It has a distinctive horseshoe-shaped marking on top of its head.
Is it venomous?
Yes, it is a venomous pit viper.
Is it arboreal or terrestrial?
It is largely terrestrial, though it can climb low vegetation.
Horseshoe Pit Viper guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Horseshoe Pit Viper.
