Prairie Rattlesnake
Crotalus viridis
A widespread rattlesnake of the North American grasslands and high plains, well adapted to a broad range of elevations and cooler climates than many of its relatives.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 0.9-1.5 m (3-5 ft)
- Range
- Great Plains and intermountain western North America
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Overview
The prairie rattlesnake is a highly adaptable pit viper found across a vast swath of the North American Great Plains and intermountain West, from low grasslands up to high mountain elevations. It tolerates cooler climates better than many rattlesnake species, denning communally in large numbers to survive harsh winters.
Its range overlaps with numerous agricultural and rangeland areas, where it plays an important role in controlling rodent populations.
How to identify it
- Light brown, olive, or greenish-gray body with darker brown blotches that become banded toward the tail
- Segmented rattle at the tail tip and a broad, triangular head
- Vertical pupils and heat-sensing facial pits typical of pit vipers
- Blotches are generally more oval or rounded compared to the diamond shapes of some related species
- Distinguished from other Crotalus species largely by range and more oval blotch pattern
Habitat & range
Occupies grasslands, prairies, sagebrush flats, and rocky outcrops from the Canadian prairies south through the Great Plains and intermountain West to Mexico, ranging from low elevations to over 2,700 meters in mountainous areas.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Diurnal in cooler months and crepuscular or nocturnal during hot summer periods. Feeds primarily on rodents, ground squirrels, and occasionally birds. Live-bearing, and known for communal winter denning in large aggregations.
Frequently asked questions
Where does the prairie rattlesnake live?
Across the Great Plains and intermountain West of North America, from low grasslands to high mountain elevations.
Does the prairie rattlesnake den communally?
Yes, it often gathers in large communal dens to survive cold winters.
Is the prairie rattlesnake venomous?
Yes, it is a venomous pit viper.
How can you identify a prairie rattlesnake?
Look for a light brown or olive body with darker oval blotches and a segmented tail rattle.
Prairie Rattlesnake guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Prairie Rattlesnake.
Prairie Rattlesnake identified by the community
Real snakes identified with Snake Identifier.
