South American Rattlesnake
Crotalus durissus
A widespread and medically important rattlesnake of South American savannas and open habitats, known for its neurotoxic venom components.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 1.2-1.8 m (4-6 ft)
- Range
- South America, including savannas of Brazil, Venezuela, and neighboring countries
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Overview
The South American Rattlesnake, also called the cascabel, is the most widespread rattlesnake of South America, occupying open grassland and savanna habitats across a broad range that includes Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, and Argentina.
It is notable for its venom, which contains neurotoxic components in addition to the typical tissue-damaging effects seen in many pit vipers, making it of particular medical significance in the regions where it occurs.
How to identify it
- Background color tan, brown, or grayish
- Distinct diamond-shaped or rhombic dorsal blotches with lighter borders
- A pair of prominent dark stripes running down the neck onto the body
- Broad triangular head, elliptical pupils, heat-sensing pits
- Segmented rattle
- Distinguished from other South American vipers by its rattle and neck stripes
Habitat & range
Found in open savannas, grasslands, cerrado, and dry scrub habitats across much of South America. Avoids dense rainforest, preferring open or disturbed terrain, including agricultural land at times.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Primarily nocturnal and crepuscular, especially in warm lowland regions. Feeds on small mammals, birds, and occasionally lizards. Reproduces via live birth, with sizeable litters. Generally avoids confrontation, relying on rattling and camouflage before striking defensively.
Frequently asked questions
Is the South American Rattlesnake venom different from North American rattlesnakes?
Yes, its venom contains neurotoxic components in addition to typical tissue-damaging effects, making its bite profile somewhat distinct.
Where is it found?
Across open savanna and grassland habitats in much of South America, including Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, and Argentina.
What habitat does it avoid?
It generally avoids dense rainforest, preferring open or semi-open terrain.
How can it be identified?
By its diamond-shaped dorsal blotches, prominent neck stripes, and segmented rattle.
South American Rattlesnake guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding South American Rattlesnake.
South American Rattlesnake identified by the community
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