Western Brown Snake
Pseudonaja nuchalis
A highly variable and widely distributed Australian elapid with potent venom, found across arid and semi-arid regions of the continent.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 1.2-1.8 m (4-6 ft)
- Range
- Western, central, and northern Australia
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Overview
The Western Brown Snake, also known as the gwardar, is one of the most geographically widespread and variably patterned venomous snakes in Australia, occurring across much of the arid interior and northern regions.
It belongs to the genus Pseudonaja, the brown snakes, which are considered among the most medically significant snakes in Australia due to their potent venom and fast-moving, alert nature.
How to identify it
- Highly variable coloration: shades of brown, gray, orange, or reddish, sometimes with banding, especially in juveniles
- Some populations show distinct dark bands or a barred pattern
- Smooth scales, slender to moderately built body
- Round pupils, relatively large eyes
- Head barely distinct from neck; juveniles often show a dark head cap that fades with age
Habitat & range
Occupies arid and semi-arid habitats including deserts, spinifex grassland, woodland, and rocky outcrops across western, central, and northern Australia.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Diurnal and fast-moving, often active in the heat of the day. Alert and quick to flee but can become defensive if cornered, raising its forebody in an S-shaped threat posture. Feeds on lizards, small mammals, and other snakes. Reproduces by egg-laying.
Frequently asked questions
Is the Western Brown Snake dangerous?
Yes, it is a venomous species and one of Australia's medically significant snakes.
How variable is its appearance?
Extremely variable, ranging from plain brown to banded or reddish patterns depending on locality and age.
Where is it found?
Across arid and semi-arid regions of western, central, and northern Australia.
What does it eat?
Lizards, small mammals, and occasionally other snakes.
Western Brown Snake guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Western Brown Snake.
